五大金融的英语解释一览！
备考必备 | 2024-06-05
1.普惠金融（inclusive finance）
1.1联合国解释
Financial inclusion is universal access,at a reasonable cost,to a wide range of financial services,provided by a variety of sound and sustainable institutions.Inclusive finance strives to enhance access to financial services for both individuals and micro-,small and medium-sized enterprises.In developing countries,access to financial services is crucial to strengthen financial sectors and domestic resource mobilization and can therefore make a significant contribution to social and economic development.Much more focus on the particular financial needs of women can have enormous impact,given the importance of women in food production and household expenditure decisions.
1.2中国官方解释
普惠金融是指立足机会平等要求和商业可持续原则，以可负担的成本为有金融服务需求的社会各阶层和群体提供适当、有效的金融服务。小微企业、农民、城镇低收入人群、贫困人群和残疾人、老年人等特殊群体是当前我国普惠金融重点服务对象。大力发展普惠金融，是我国全面建成小康社会的必然要求，有利于促进金融业可持续均衡发展，推动大众创业、万众创新，助推经济发展方式转型升级，增进社会公平和社会和谐
Inclusive finance refers to providing appropriate and effective financial services to all social stratas and groups in need of financial services at affordable costs,based on the requirements of equal opportunities and the principles of business sustainability.Small and micro enterprises,farmers,low-income groups in urban areas,impoverished individuals,and special groups such as people with disabilities and the elderly are currently the key service targets of inclusive finance in China.
2.绿色金融（green finance）
2.1联合国解释
Green financing is to increase level of financial flows(from banking,micro-credit,insurance and investment)from the public,private and not-for-profit sectors to sustainable development priorities.A key part of this is to better manage environmental and social risks,take up opportunities that bring both a decent rate of return and environmental benefit and deliver greater accountability.
Green financing could be promoted through changes in countries’regulatory frameworks,harmonizing public financial incentives,increases in green financing from different sectors,alignment of public sector financing decision-making with the environmental dimension of the Sustainable Development Goals,increases in investment in clean and green technologies,financing for sustainable natural resource-based green economies and climate smart blue economy,increase use of green bonds,and so on.
2.2中国官方解释
绿色金融是指为支持环境改善、应对气候变化和资源节约高效利用的经济活动，对环保、节能、清洁能源、绿色交通、绿色建筑等领域的项目投融资、项目运营、风险管理等所提供的金融服务。
绿色金融的目的是引导资金流向节约资源技术开发和生态环境保护产业，促进环境保护及治理，以及引导企业生产注重绿色环保和消费者形成绿色消费理念。此外，绿色金融也强调金融业自身的可持续发展，避免过度投机行为，最终实现经济社会的可持续发展。
绿色金融的发展包括绿色金融标准体系、环境信息披露、激励约束机制、产品与市场体系及国际合作等方面，旨在通过金融活动与环境保护、生态平衡的协调发展，支持经济向绿色化转型。
Green finance refers to the financial services provided to support economic activities such as environmental improvement,climate change,and resource conservation and efficient utilization,including project investment and financing,project operation,and risk management in areas such as environmental protection,energy conservation,clean energy,green transportation,and green buildings.
The purpose of green finance is to guide the flow of funds towards resource conservation technology development and ecological environment protection industries,promote environmental protection and governance,and guide enterprises to focus on green production and consumers to form a green consumption concept.In addition,green finance also emphasizes the sustainable development of the financial industry itself,avoiding excessive speculative behavior,and ultimately achieving sustainable economic and social development.
The development of green finance includes the standard system of green finance,environmental information disclosure,incentive and constraint mechanisms,product and market systems,and international cooperation,aiming to support the economic transformation towards greening through coordinated development of financial activities with environmental protection and ecological balance.
3.养老金融（pension finance/aging finance）
3.1国外还没有对应的专有名词和定义
3.2中国定义
广义上的养老金融指的是为养老目标而进行的财务融资活动，包括养老储蓄、老年消费、医疗健康和照护服务等方面的资金支持。狭义上的养老金融主要指各类金融机构参与的养老金融业务，针对老年群体、养老金体系和各类养老产业提供的金融产品和服务。
养老金金融。这是养老金融的核心，涉及公共养老金、职业养老金和个人养老金等不同层次的养老金安排。这些安排通常由政府、企业或个人参与，旨在确保未来退休生活的经济安全。
养老服务金融。这包括金融机构为满足老年人的投资、理财、消费及其他相关需求而提供的金融产品和服务。如养老理财、商业养老保险、养老投资基金等。
养老产业金融。这指的是金融机构对养老产业的投资支持，包括为老年日常生活用品、养老服务、休闲旅游等方面的资金筹集和服务。
此外，养老金融还涉及到老年人口的养老储蓄、消费、医疗健康和照护服务的资金支持等方面。在供给端，养老金融是金融机构新的业务增长点，商业银行、保险、证券、基金等金融机构都在积极参与这一领域，努力开发适应老年人需求的产品和服务。
Pension finance refers to a series of financial services to meet people’s life needs after retirement.It involve many fields such as insurance,funds and banks,and its development can drive the innovation of related financial products and services and enrich the product supply of the financial market.
4.科技金融（technology finance）
4.1赵昌文《科技金融》
科技金融是促进科技开发、成果转化和高新技术产业发展的一系列金融工具、金融制度、金融政策与金融服务的系统性、创新性安排，是由向科学与技术创新活动提供融资资源的政府、企业、市场、社会中介机构等各种主体及其在科技创新融资过程中的行为活动共同组成的一个体系，是国家科技创新体系和金融体系的重要组成部分
Technology finance is a systematic and innovative arrangement of financial instruments,financial systems,financial policies,and financial services that promote technological development,achievement transformation,and the development of high-tech industries.It is composed of various entities such as governments,enterprises,markets,and social intermediaries that provide financing resources for scientific and technological innovation activities,as well as their behavioral activities in the process of technology innovation financing.It is an important component of the national technology innovation system and financial system.
4.2北京市人民政府
科技金融属于产业金融的范畴，主要是指科技产业与金融产业的融合。经济的发展依靠科技推动，而科技产业的发展需要金融的强力助推。在金融的助推下，科技产业呈现出新的面貌，计算机的应用，网络的普及，无线技术的发展都是在金融的支持下发挥促进经济发展的作用。
Technological finance belongs to the category of industrial finance,mainly referring to the integration of the technology industry and the financial industry.Economic development relies on technological advancement,while the development of the technology industry requires strong financial support.With the support of finance,the technology industry has taken on a new look,with the application of computers,the popularization of the Internet,and the development of wireless technology all playing a role in promoting economic development.
5.数字金融（digital finance）
5.1欧盟定义
Digital finance is the term used to describe the impact of new technologies on the financial services industry.It includes a variety of products,applications,processes and business models that have transformed the traditional way of providing banking and financial services.
While technological innovation in finance is not new,investment in new technologies has substantially increased in recent years and the pace of innovation is exponential.We now interact with our bank using mobile technology.We make payments,transfer money and make investments using a variety of new tools that were not there few years ago.Artificial intelligence,social networks,machine learning,mobile applications,distributed ledger technology,cloud computing and big data analytics have given rise to new services and business models by established financial institutions and new market entrants.
5.2中国定义
数字金融是指通过应用互联网、区块链、大数据、人工智能等数字技术，对传统金融服务业进行革新和优化的新一代金融服务。
数字金融涵盖了互联网支付、移动支付、网上银行、金融服务外包、网上贷款、网上保险、网上基金等多种金融服务。这种金融服务不仅扩大了金融服务的覆盖范围、降低了交易成本，还优化了风险管理方法，推动了金融体系的服务效率和品质的提升，同时也促进了经济体系中的数字经济发展。数字金融的核心在于其依托于数字技术的创新型金融科技系统，它集成了各种金融要素，如基础设施、市场和协同环境，通过互联网系统连接区域经济与金融系统，提高了资本向投资的转化效率和广泛连接性。总的来说，数字金融是金融行业数字化和数字化转型的过程，也是金融科技产业发展的重要体现。
Digital finance refers to a new generation of financial services that innovate and optimize the traditional financial service industry through the application of digital technologies such as Internet,block chain,big data and artificial intelligence.
Digital finance covers Internet payment,mobile payment,online banking,financial service outsourcing,online loans,online insurance,online funds and other financial services.This financial service not only expands the coverage of financial services,reduces transaction costs,but also optimizes risk management methods,promotes the service efficiency and quality of the financial system,and also promotes the development of digital economy in the economic system.The core of digital finance lies in its innovative financial technology system relying on digital technology.It integrates various financial elements,such as infrastructure,market and collaborative environment,connects regional economy and financial system through Internet system,and improves the efficiency and wide connectivity of capital to investment.Generally speaking,digital finance is not only the process of digitalization and digital transformation of the financial industry,but also an important manifestation of the development of the financial science and technology industry.
6.金融强国
金融强国指的是一个国家在金融领域具有显著的实力和影响力。
金融强国不仅意味着拥有高效和强大的金融体系，能够在国际金融市场上发挥重要作用，还代表着在金融科技、金融服务、金融监管等多个方面的全球领先地位。具体来说，金融强国具备以下特征：
拥有完善的金融功能和强大的金融市场体系，能够为实体经济提供强有力的支持。
在金融科技和创新能力方面处于前沿，能够不断推出新的金融产品和服务，满足市场和客户的需求。
拥有健全的金融监管机制，能够有效预防和化解金融风险，维护金融稳定和安全。
在国际金融领域拥有较高的地位，能够参与制定国际金融规则和标准，具有较强的国际竞争力和品牌影响力。
此外，金融强国的建设还包括金融机构体量的增长、金融服务的普及与效率提升、金融市场的国际化等多个维度。总的来说，金融强国强调的是金融业对国家整体实力和国际地位的支撑作用。
Financial powerhouse refers to a country with significant strength and influence in the financial field.
Financial powerhouse not only means that it has an efficient and strong financial system and can play an important role in the international financial market,but also represents a global leading position in financial technology,financial services,financial supervision and other aspects.Specifically,financial powerhouses have the following characteristics:
It has perfect financial functions and a strong financial market system,which can provide strong support for the real economy.
It is at the forefront of financial science and technology and innovation capabilities,and can continuously launch new financial products and services to meet the needs of the market and customers.
It has a sound financial supervision mechanism,which can effectively prevent and resolve financial risks and maintain financial stability and security.
It has a high position in the field of international finance,can participate in the formulation of international financial rules and standards,and has strong international competitiveness and brand influence.
In addition,the construction of a strong financial country also includes the growth of the volume of financial institutions,the popularization and efficiency improvement of financial services,and the internationalization of financial markets.Generally speaking,financial powers emphasize the supporting role of the financial industry in the overall strength and international status of the country.
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